Cement vs. Concrete: What is the Difference

‘Cement is to concrete, what flour is to cake’ is the best description of how concrete and cement are different. While the terms "cement" and "concrete" are often used interchangeably, they are actually two different things. And at the same time, concrete has some cement in it. Understanding the difference between cement and concrete is crucial for anyone involved in construction, home improvement, or DIY projects. This article will delve into the key differences, uses, and benefits of each material.

What is Cement?

Cement is a binding agent that is used as a component in the production of concrete. It is a fine powder that is typically made from a mixture of limestone, clay, silica, iron oxide, and gypsum. When combined with water, cement undergoes a chemical reaction known as hydration, forming a strong and durable material.

The most common type of cement used in construction is Portland cement. It is named after its resemblance to the Portland stone found in English cities and towns. Portland cement is typically made by heating a mixture of limestone and clay in a kiln at high temperatures, resulting in a clinker that is then ground into a fine powder.

Cement is often used on its own for smaller-scale projects, such as:

Grout: A mixture of cement, sand, and water used to fill gaps between tiles or bricks. You will see this most often in bathroom showers or bath tubs.

Mortar: A mixture of cement, sand, and water used to lay bricks or block. It is the stuff in between each brick that is holding them together.

Patching: Repairing cracks or holes in concrete or masonry surfaces. Sometimes a hole is too small for a big fix. Cement is the perfect size for those types of projects.

What is Concrete?

Concrete is a composite material made from a mixture of cement, aggregates (such as sand and gravel), water, and sometimes additives. The cement acts as the binder, and it holds the aggregate materials together. The right cement ratio, in effect, gives the concrete mix its strength and durability. There is no ‘cement vs concrete’  if you look at it that way.  

Concrete is a versatile material with countless applications as a construction material. Concrete is often used as the material for the foundation of buildings or other large structures. For larger projects, consider using ready-mix concrete, which is a pre-mixed concrete mixture that is delivered to the job site.

Other large industrial uses include concrete slabs that create floors, walls, and many other structural elements. Being the strong material it is, concrete can even be used for supporting structures like bridges that go over roads and railways.

On a more civilian level, homeowners see a lot of concrete around them too. Your driveway is likely paved concrete. The sidewalks that go around your neighborhood - those are concrete too! Porches, patios, walkways, and any other type of pavement you might need as a homeowner.

Key Differences Between Cement and Concrete

Composition

Cement is one ingredient of concrete, while concrete is a mixture of materials including cement.

Cement is a fine powder that is typically made from a mixture of limestone, clay, silica, iron oxide, and gypsum. Cement is one component of concrete.

Concrete is a mixture of several materials: cement, aggregate (like sand), water and sometimes other additives.

Durability

Concrete is generally stronger and more durable than cement due to the presence of aggregates. Cement contributes to the strength of concrete, however.

Applications

Cement is used for smaller projects like cracks or small holes, while concrete is better suited for larger-scale construction and things like pavement or walkways.

Cost

The cost of cement and concrete can vary depending on factors like region, quantity, and quality. Generally, concrete is more expensive due to the additional materials involved. Think of concrete almost as the finished product and cement as one component of concrete.

When to Use Cement vs. Concrete

Cement: Use cement for smaller-scale projects like patching cracks, filling gaps, or creating mortar. It is also a good choice for projects where a fast-setting material is needed.

Concrete: Use concrete for larger-scale construction projects where strength, durability, and structural integrity are essential. Examples include foundations, driveways, and sidewalks. Pavement anywhere is likely concrete. If you are looking to do a DIY project, think about getting ready-mix concrete. While it is possible to mix concrete yourself for smaller DIY projects, it is often easier and more convenient to use ready-mix concrete.

Benefits of Using Cement

Cement is a versatile material and can be used in a wide, wide variety of applications. Cement can be used in DIY projects to fill small cracks or holes. It can also be used for creating decorative elements. White cement is often used to create polished or textured walls, floors and ceilings in interior design.

Another benefit besides versatility, is that cement is fast setting. Cement can set relatively quickly, which makes it the perfect material for small projects that need to be finished fast!

Benefits of Using Concrete

One of concrete’s great strengths is... it’s strength! Concrete strength is not to be underestimated. It is a seriously durable material that can withstand extremely heavy loads. It forms the foundations of large buildings and bridges. The strength of concrete is measured by its compressive strength. Higher compressive strength concrete is suitable for more demanding applications. There are different types of concrete, so make sure you choose a good concrete that will work for your project. Concrete used as a building’s foundation is different from concrete used for pavements.

Concrete is also really hard to weather. It can stand up to rain, sun, cold and heat no problem. As such, concrete is also known for its longevity. These types of structures or pavements can last for decades, even centuries, with the right maintenance. The last thing standing is usually the concrete and the rebar.

Another benefit of concrete is that it is generally low maintenance. It requires minimal upkeep once it is installed. If it is your driveway or pavement, spraying it off every once in a while is good maintenance, as is addressing any cracks that appear promptly. Sometimes these happen over time, other times it could be caused by things like tree roots growing underneath the concrete. If you want to do extra maintenance, you can apply sealants to help the concrete last longer.